EE 4223/5223
Electrical Power System Protection

Spring Semester 2011
EERC B45 - M,W,F 2:05-2:55 pm

Course Syllabus | Text & References | Pre-Req Material | Useful Web Links | Grades to Date

Homework Cover Sheet - To be attached to all submitted homework.
Term Project Guidelines | This Year's Term Projects
Past Years' Term Projects - Examples of Older Term Projects (may have been different project requirements and report formats)

Updated Through: Week 14

Week - Reading Reference Mat'l	Lecture Notes	Homework, Tests, Solutions, Deadlines
1 - Ch. 1,2,3,10 Sub Schematics Dev Nos \| CTs	L1 - Jan 10th L2 - Jan 12th L3 - Jan 14th	Introduction, Startup, Philosphy of System Protection, Bus configurations, Substation/Equipment Photos Bus configurations, Zones of protection, Protection & Operaton Strategies CTs, Overlapping Zones Assignment #1 (short) \| Soln
2 - Ch. 5 CCVTs \| MOCTs	Jan 17th L5 - Jan 19th L6 - Jan 21st	MLK Day - No Lecture (Lecture 4 does not exist). Protective device numbers, Instrument Transformers \| Basic Info on MR CTs Assignment #2 - Probs. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 \| Due Jan 26th, 5pm (short problems, transformer connections) Assignment #3 - Due: TBA (4223: pre-req assessment; 5223: review).
Radial Prot 3 - G&S Ch.10, 12.5 & 12.6	L7 - Jan 24th L8 - Jan 26th L9 - Jan 28th	EE4222 Symm Components (4223: for practice; 5223: for review) \| 3-Ph Xfmr Phase Shift Tutorial Radial Protection Strategies, Fuse Characteristics, Aside for the Day: CCVTs and PLC. Assignment #4 - Due Feb 2nd, 2:00pm Example of radial coordination for ground faults \| Assignment #5 - Due Feb 16th, 5:00pm
4 - Ch.3,4 Sequence Conn Series Unbalance	L10 - Jan 31st L11 - Feb 2nd L12 - Feb 4th	Effective burden on CT, CT stds, MR CTs, CT equivalent circuit Iterative method for CT accuracy calculations, ratio correction factor (RCF) Assignment #6 (Aspen Intro) – Due Feb 21^st, 5:00pm
5 - Ch.3, Ch.5	L13 - Feb 7th L14 - Feb 9th Winter Carnival	One-Paragraph Term Project Idea - Due Feb 18th, 5pm. Assignment #7 – Prob 3.4 & 4.1 \| Soln - Due Feb 25th, 5:00pm (Lecture 15 does not exist)
6 - Ch. 3, 5, 6 G&S Ch.10	L16 - Feb 14th L17 - Feb 16th L18 - Feb 18th	Misc Topics: Synch Check Relays (25/27), more on reclosing. Reclosing on 69-kV 3-terminal line V-I relationships during fault, intro to 67 relay application Polarization, Directional Phase & Ground Overcurrent Concepts. Assignment #8 (due 5pm Mar 4th) Wrapup on 67 relays, intro to distance relaying. Near-end faults, CCVT subsidence transient, basics of impedance and differential protection
7 - Ch. 6, Ch.12	L19 - Feb 21st L20 - Feb 23rd Demeny Notes L21 - Feb 25th Suppl. Video Suppl. Video Suppl. Video	Intro to differential protection, transformer phase shift details Tom Ernst, Minn Power. Guest Tutorial on Aspen. Arc flash hazard issues. Add'l Lecture, Kevin Demeny. Topic: Arc Flash Hazards, Mitigation, Protection Fault Calcs for 2-winding transformers, 3-lines, phase shifts, Fault Calc Examples More on sequence networks - transformer phase shifts, zero sequence behaviors. Help Week7A: including pre-req review on symm components in context of homework 4.1. Help Week 7B: general review of symm components, Zp <=> Zs, Sequence Networks Short Circuit Calcs - Dr. Bohmann Fault Tutorial, repeated from EE5200 Term Project - Detailed Table of Contents (i.e. work plan) and reference list - due 5pm Fri Mar 4th.
8 - Ch.7 Grounding Ch. 4,12 Distance/impedance relaying	L22 - Feb 28th L23 - Mar 2nd L22 (Sp'09) L23 (Sp'09) L24 - Mar 4th Suppl. Video	Prof. Hans Høidalen - Protection with isolated ground; Assn#8A - ResonantGrnding - due 5pm Mar 15th. Prof. Hans Høidalen - Protection with resonant grounding Review: Sequence Network example, 3-winding transformers Review: Fault current contributioins, V and I at relay. Winding currents, zero seq currents in 3-winding xfmr Help Week8: observations on fault currents, hints on Hmwk 8, voltage profile along faulted line. Impedance Relaying, R-X diagrams, Zone 1, 2, 3, reach, forward & reverse. Basic distance relaying concepts; line differential protection, bus protection Pos/Neg/Zero squence networks for 3-winding transformers, zero-squence polarizing sources
	March 7-11th	Spring Break - Make a clean break from your work and have fun !
9 - Ch. 12,13 Ch. 4, Ch.9	L25 - Mar 14th L26 - Mar 16th L27 - Mar 18th	Midterm will consist of grades on two upcoming homework sets (worked individually). Details to come. Transmission Line relaying - read §6.5.5 - 6.7, §12.12 - §12.16. Assn#9 - Due 9am Mon Mar 21st Special issues related to line protection: Zone 2 and Zone 3, Ground potential rise Line protection issues (cont'd): three-terminal lines, series caps. Tom Ernst Guest Lecture (play video) - Setting Relays for Line Prot., File 1 \| File 2 \| File 3
10 - Ch. 4, Ch.9 XFMR Prot	Help Video L28 - Mar 21st L29 - Mar 23rd L30 - Mar 25th	Assn#10: Probs 4.2, 4.3 a,b,c and 4.4 - Due Tues Mar 29th 5pm. Help: Notes (Video also on Blkbd) Connection of Differential Relay to delta-wye transformer, phase shift, CT ratio Transformer Protection (87T), zones and CT circuits, thermal ratings Transformer alarm/monitoring points, diagnostic tests, LTCs (Load Tap Changers) Transformer dissolved gas in oil, C57.104, insulation PF. Nice cut-away of large transformer.
11 - Ch. 9, Ch.10 87B Bus Prot	L31 - Mar 28th L32 - Mar 30th L33 - Apr 1st	Differential protection of Transformers (87T) 87T Applications Example 87T applications example, mismatch, CT saturation, Protection of Gnd Xfmrs & Shunt Reactors Bus Protection - 87B; Bus Prot Homework #11 - Prob. 10.1 due Apr 5th 5pm 87B Applications example \| video: moderate-Z vs. high-Z. Differential protection of Generators (87G)
12 - Ch. 10 Cap Bank Prot capbank.xls	L34 - Apr 4th 34a \| 34b L35 - Apr 6th L36 - Apr 8th	Intro to Cap Bank Protection Applications Guest Lecture: Tom Ernst, Minn Power (posted on Blackboard) Photo of 115-kV Cap Bank (2 banks, w/current-limiting reactor) Cap Bank Protection \| IEEE C37.99-2000 (download from Xplore) Cap Bank Wrapup; Synchronous Switching
13 - Ch. 8, Archive Gen Prot 1 \| 2	L37 - Apr 11th L38 - Apr 13th L39 - Apr 15th Add'l Safety	Transient Overvoltages due to Shunt Cap Bank Switching: Tutorial \| ppt Generator Protection Basics - Volts/Hz; Overspeed Desctruction of small hydro - Pic 1 \| Pic 2 IEEE 95 TP 102 Gen Protection Guide; Safety Issues - CT secondaries, step and touch potential, stray voltage, etc. Safety (cont'd); Relay impedance; Generator grounding; Grounding Transformers
14 - Ch. 14 Stability, Reclosing	L40 - Apr 18th L41 - Apr 20th L42 - Apr 22nd	Guest Lecture on Electric Vehicle and related protection issues Last Homework - complete by end of week (possible to extend to Tues 5pm). [ Note: do as individual. View "Hmwk#12 Office Hr" video/notes for most/much of solution and hints.] Motor Protection Issues; SCADA overview; Intro to Smart Grid Semester Wrapup. Paper on DSP methods for distance relaying ; SCADA Protocols; Term Project Final Report - Due April 22, 5pm (extended to Mon Apr 25, noon ET)
Finals Week	Mon April 25th	EERC B45 - Final Exam Timeslot / Term Project Presentations - (3:00pm - 5:00pm)

Course Description and Learning Goals:

Students who complete this course will have gained a theoretical and applied understanding of power system protection. The performance of
instrument transformers, transducers, protective relays, and circuit breakers is first addressed. These devices are then integrated into coordinated
protective systems for generators, transformers, transmission lines, reactors, capacitor banks, system buses, etc. Although basic protection concepts
are hardware-independent, the application of electromagnetic, solid state, and microprocessor-based relays will also be discussed. Trade-offs
between reliability, selectivity, speed, simplicity, and economy are emphasized. A hands-on lab project, using state of the art equipment, will also be
completed during the course.

Topics Covered (depending on priorities and available time):

Review: system protection philosophies, system grounding, circuit breakers, fuses.
Relay input sources: VTs, CTs, CVTs, CCVTs, optical voltage and current transducers.
Fundamental protection concepts: time-inverse, differential, directional impedance, etc.
Generator protection (differential, negative sequence, loss of excitation, out of step, etc).
Motor protection (ground fault, locked rotor, undervoltage, phase rotation, etc).
Bus, reactor, capacitor bank protection.
Transformer protection (differential, sudden pressure, over temperature, low oil, etc).
Line protection (directional comparison, blocking, unblocking, transfer trip, etc).
System stability, reclosing, and load shedding.
Communications (pilot wire, power line carrier, microwave, fiber optics), SCADA, etc.
Intro/overview of Smart Grid technologies and possibilities.

Prerequisite Material

Concurrent with EE4222, else by instructor's permission. Basic knowledge of the per unit system, symmetrical components, and short-circuit calculations is required. Typically, we adjust the schedule of covered material and avoid topics related to symmetrical components until you're covering them in EE4222.
Click here for outline - Power system protection draws on all areas of Electrical Engineering. We make use of a foundation of circuit analysis, electromagnetic energy conversion, knowledge of behaviors of transformers, generators, transmission lines, and motors, as well as traditional power systems analysis (i.e. EE 4221 and EE 4222). We can make use of every other area of EE: Electromagnetics, controls, electronics, computer hardware/software, microprocessors or embedded processors, signal processing, communications, etc.

Course Text and other Useful References:

Course Text (REQUIRED): Protective Relaying Principles and Applications , J. Lewis Blackburn, 3rd Ed, CRC Press, © 2007.
Power System Analysis and Design, J.D. Glover & M. Sarma, 4th Ed, Thompson Publishing, © 2008. Good intro to relaying in Ch.10. This is also the book used for the pre-req courses EE4221 and EE4222, an excellent reference for power system analysis basics, and understanding the overall behavior of the power system that you are protecting.
Protective Relay Principles, A.F. Sleva, CRC Press,© 2009. ISBN 978-0824753726.
Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing, Paul Gill, 2nd Ed., CRC Press,© 2008. ISBN 978-1574446562.
Protective Relaying Theory & Applications, W.A. Elmore, 2nd Ed, CRC Press, ©2003.
Power System Protection, P.M. Anderson, IEEE Order No.PC5389, McGraw-Hill, ©1999. 1300 pages of insight.
IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Transmission Lines, Power Systems Relaying Committee (PSRC), IEEE Std C37.113-1999, ©1999.
Terms Used by Power System Protection Engineers, IEEE Catalog Number TP130-0-031998-1-0, ©1998.
Transmission Network Protection - Theory and Practice, Y.G. Paithankar, Marcel Dekker , 0-8247-9911-9, ©1998.
Advancements in Microprocessor Based Protection and Communication , IEEE Tutorial Course, Catalog Number 97TP120-0, ©1997.
IEEE Tutorial on the Protection of Synchronous Generators , IEEE Catalog Number 95 TP 102, © 1995.
Protective Relaying Theory & Applications, ABB Power T&D Company, © 1994.
Power System Stability and Control (Stability Swings and Out-of-Step Relaying: Sections 13.5 & 13.6), P. Kundur, McGraw-Hill/EPRI, © 1994.
Symmetrical Components for Power Systems Engineering, J.L. Blackburn, Marcel Dekker, © 1993.
Relaying Communications Channels - Applications Guide for Power Line Carrier, Telephone Lines, Fiber Optics, and Multiplexing, General Electric Protection & Control, Publication GET-8034, June 1993.
IEEE Guide for the Protection of Shunt Capacitor Banks, IEEE Std. C37.99-2000.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrical and Commercial Power Systems, "Green Book," IEEE Std. 142-1991.
Downed Power Lines: Why They Can't Always be Detected, IEEE Power Engineering Society, © February 22, 1989.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems, "Buff Book," IEEE std. 242-1986.
Applied Protective Relaying, Westinghouse Electric, © 1982.
The Art & Science of Protective Relaying, C.R. Mason (General Electric), © 1956.

Useful Web links and other resources:

"Protecting Power Systems in the Post-Restructuring Era," IEEE Computer Applications in Power, vol.12, no.1, pp. 33-37, Jan 1999. (Great overview of how deregulation (restructuring) of the power systems requires us to revisit how we protect and coordinate system protection).
On-Line Catalogs of relay, control, instrument transformers, T&D Equipment, etc.

Electricity Forum - On-Line Buyer's Guide
ElectricNet - On-Line Buyer's Guide
T&D Magazine - On-Line Buyer's Guide

ABB - Relay Manufacturer, Västerås, Sweden.
Basler Electric - Relay Manufacturer, Highland, Illinois. Download their applications papers/guides .
Beckwith Electric - Specialty Relay Manufacturer, Key Largo, Florida.
Cooper Power Systems - Edison Pro Relays
General Electric - Relay Manufacturer
GEC - Alsthom - Relay Manufacturer. Download their applications manuals and conference papers .
NxtPhase - Optical CTs, VTs, and Relays
Pulsar Technologies - Power Line Carrier (PLC) tranceivers and hybrids (formerly part of Westinghouse relaying)
RFL - Power Line Carrier (PLC) and other Communications Equipment
Schweitzer Engineering Labs (SEL) - Relay Manufacturer, Pullman, WA (Technical Papers)
Siemens - Relay Manufacturer, Germany.
Useful References, Journals, Publications

Research Journals and Transactions

Magazines on Computer Methods and Engineering Applications

Engineering Applications Magazines

Electrical World T&D - Subscribe Free
Electric Light & Power - What's Happening in the Electric Power Industry
Transmission & Distribution World - "T&D Magazine" - Subscribe Free
Power Engineering International - International Power Industry News
Power Magazine - Subscribe Free
Power Quality Magazine
Power Technology International
Connecting Power/Modern Power Systems - E-zine for International News/Trends in the Power Industry

Public Domain or Royalty-Free Software

ATP - Alternative Transients Program (Royalty Free, Licensing Required)
Educational Software - List of Links Provided by IEEE Power Engineering Education Committee, includes Power World
InterPSS - Open Source Power System Design & Analysis

Available Commercial Software

Aspen - Loadflow, Short-Circuit, Relay Coordination (Academic Version Available)
MatLab with Simulink and SimPowerSystems - Full spectrum of power system analysis and controls (Academic Versions Available)
PSS/E - Loadflow, Short-Circuit, Dynamic Stability (Academic Pricing Available)
CAPE - Loadflow, Short-Circuit, and Relay Coordination (Academic Pricing Available)
V-Flow, V-Net, V-Pro, V-Harm, V-Cap, etc . - Power Verdict Series: Suite of programs by Cooper Power Systems
ETAP PowerStation - Full suite for power system analysis and design
Transmission 2000 - Loadflow, Short Circuit, Dynamic Stability, and Relay Coordination (Academic Version Available)
EDSA - Loadflow, Short Circuit, Relaying, AC and DC systems (mostly industrial, auto, shipboard)

EE 4223/5223 Electrical Power System Protection

Course Text and other Useful References:

Useful Web links and other resources:

EE 4223/5223
Electrical Power System Protection